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The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople (, ''Oikoumenikòn Patriarcheîon Konstantinoupóleos'', ; (ラテン語:Patriarchatus Oecumenicus Constantinopolitanus);〔(''Pontificia Commissio Codici Iuris Canonici Orientalis Recognoscendo'' ) Vatican City State, 1978, p. 3〕 (トルコ語:Rum Ortodoks Patrikhanesi),〔Ortaylı, İlber (2003). "Osmanlı Barışı", p. 14. ISBN 975-6571-50-0.〕〔In Turkey it is also referred to unofficially as ''Fener Rum Patrikhanesi'', " Patriarchate of the Phanar"〕 "Roman Orthodox Patriarchate"), part of the wider Orthodox Church, is one of the fourteen autocephalous churches within the communion of the Eastern Orthodox Church. It is headed by the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, currently Bartholomew I. Because of its historical location at the capital of the former Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire and its role as the Mother Church of most modern Orthodox churches, the Ecumenical Patriarchate holds a special place of honor within Orthodoxy and serves as the seat for the Ecumenical Patriarch, who enjoys the status of ''Primus inter pares'' (first among equals) among the world's Eastern Orthodox prelates and is widely regarded as the representative and spiritual leader of the world's 300 million Orthodox Christians.〔https://www.patriarchate.org/biography〕〔http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/30/pope-francis-ecumenical-patriarch-bartholomew-_n_6243414.html〕〔http://www.apostolicpilgrimage.org/who-is-the-ecumenical-patriarch-〕 The Ecumenical Patriarchate promotes the expansion of the Christian faith and the Orthodox doctrine, and the Ecumenical Patriarchs are involved in ecumenism and interfaith dialogue, charitable work, and the defense of Orthodox Christian traditions. Prominent issues in the Ecumenical Patriarchate's policy include the safety of the believers in the Middle East, the reconciliation of the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches,〔http://www.ecumenicalnews.com/article/pope-francis-and-ecumenical-patriarch-sign-christian-unity-declaration-27367〕 and the reopening of the Theological School of Halki which has been closed down by the Turkish authorities in 1971.〔(Commander opposed Halki Seminary reopening over fears ) Today's Zaman, 21 January 2011.〕〔(H. CON. RES. 50 ) United States, House of Representatives, 28 March 1995.〕 =="The Great Church of Christ"== Christianity in Byzantium existed from the 1st century, but it was in the year 330 that the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great moved his residence to the small Greek town of Byzantium, renaming it Nova Roma. From that time, the importance of the church there grew, along with the influence of its bishop. Prior to the moving of the imperial capital, the bishop of Byzantium had been under the authority of the metropolitan of Heraclea, but beginning in the 4th century, he grew to become independent in his own right and even to exercise authority throughout what is now Greece, Asia Minor, Pontus, and Thrace. With the development of the hierarchical structure of the Church, the bishop of Constantinople came to be styled as exarch (a position superior to metropolitan). Constantinople was recognized as the fourth patriarchate at the First Council of Constantinople in 381, after Antioch, Alexandria, and Rome. The patriarch was usually appointed by Antioch. Because of the importance of the position of Constantinople's church at the center of the Roman Empire, affairs involving the various churches outside Constantinople's direct authority came to be discussed in the capital, particularly where the intervention of the emperor was desired. The patriarch naturally became a liaison between the emperor and bishops traveling to the capital, thus establishing the position of the patriarch as one involving the unity of the whole Church, particularly in the East. In turn, the affairs of the Constantinopolitan church were overseen not just by the patriarch, but also by synods held including visiting bishops. This pan-Orthodox synod came to be referred to as the ενδημουσα συνοδος (endimousa synodos, "resident synod"). The resident synod not only governed the business of the patriarchate but also examined questions pertinent to the whole Church as well as the eastern half of the old empire.〔''Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium'', p. 697〕 The patriarch thus came to have the title of ''Ecumenical'', which referenced not a universal episcopacy over other bishops, but rather the position of the patriarch as at the center of the ''oikoumeni'', the "household" of the empire. As the Roman Empire stabilized and grew, so did the influence of the patriarchate at its capital. This influence came to be enshrined in Orthodox canon law, to such an extent that it was elevated even beyond more ancient patriarchates: Canon 3 of the First Council of Constantinople (381) stated that the bishop of that city "shall have primacy of honor after the Bishop of Rome because Constantinople is the New Rome." In its disputed 28th Canon, the Council of Chalcedon in 451 recognized an expansion of the boundaries of the Patriarchate of Constantinople and of its authority over bishops of dioceses "among the barbarians", which has been variously interpreted as referring either to areas outside the Byzantine Empire or to non-Greeks. The council resulted in a schism with the Patriarchate of Alexandria. In any case, for almost a thousand years the Patriarch of Constantinople presided over the church in the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire and its missionary activity that brought the Christian faith in its Byzantine form to many peoples north of the imperial borders. The cathedral church of Constantinople, Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom), was the center of religious life in the eastern Christian world.〔(The Patriarchate of Constantinople (The Ecumenical Patriarchate) ) by Ronald Roberson〕 The Ecumenical Patriarchate came to be called the "Great Church of Christ" and it was the touchstone and reference point for ecclesiastical affairs in the East, whether in terms of church government, relations with the state, or liturgical matters. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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